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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first option for treating ADHD. They have a long record of high response, excellent tolerance and safety throughout the lifespan. It is important to find the right medication and dosage that relieves your or your child's symptoms without causing side adverse effects. This can take a lot trial and error as and a clear communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are medications that increase the activity of the central nervous system. Students artists, athletes, workers and others take these drugs to improve their cognitive performance and performance. They are also used in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates and other stimulant medications are the most frequently used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in extended-release and immediate-release formulas. In the case of immediate-release, they are typically taken every four hours, as needed. When they wear off they can cause a sudden and short-term decrease in energy. The crash may cause extreme hunger, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medications also can increase blood pressure and heart rate for some people, particularly when they don't eat enough. Extended-release medications are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of 8 to 16 hours. Your doctor may suggest this kind of medication if you are looking for long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill multiple times a day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate products. Daytrana is a methylphenidate with a long-acting product that sticks to your skin like a bandage, and lasts throughout the day. This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults who have ADHD and need daily doses that last longer than immediate-release options. Stimulant medication doesn't cure ADHD However, they can assist in managing symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate with each with each other. They do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. They do this by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released, and helps messages between neurons be more effectively transferred and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants for ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed to treat ADHD affect the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are an excellent choice for people suffering from depression or anxiety. These medications are typically paired with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Other reasons why your doctor may switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working or it produces unacceptably adverse side effects. Long-acting Stimulants aid in the treatment of 70%-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others and losing focus in conversations or in tasks. www.iampsychiatry.uk enhance job performance and social skills. The stimulant drugs begin to work as soon as they cross the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels between brain cells, which decreases the impulsivity and hyperactivity. FDA-approved stimulant medications use two molecules called methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). The stimulants can cause side effects such as nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also trigger headaches and anxiety. They can also make tics worse and trigger sleep problems for some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) are effective throughout the day and night unlike medications which last only for a couple of hours. They can also help with other conditions such as depression or anxiety. The medications affect the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters inside the brain. These chemicals stay in your body for longer if not broken down. This could affect your behavior and your thinking. Long-acting medicines can cause less negative effects. Your doctor will prescribe smaller doses that you take throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended release form that you can take once every day. Some adults might find this more convenient however, it is important to remember to take your stimulants each day. Other medications have been shown to be effective for many people suffering from ADHD, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually used to treat anxiety or depression however, they can be prescribed for ADHD and 70% of people respond. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been shown to be more effective than placebos in one controlled study. These medications can trigger serious adverse effects, including ringing of the ears, anxiety and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting The stimulant drugs work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemical compounds that help people focus and control their behavior. They are available in many varieties, and each has its own brand name, such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant medications such as the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and the amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but their duration of action differs. The methylphenidates may have a shorter-lasting effect, lasting up to three hours. Amphetamines, on the other hand have a longer-lasting effect. Certain people are tolerant of stimulant drugs better than others, so your doctor might prescribe them. It is important that you know as much as you can about the medication. This includes any side effects, the frequency at which it should be taken and any warnings. This will help to collaborate with your doctor in determining the appropriate dosage and medication for you. You should also understand that these medications may cause certain negative adverse effects, like trouble sleeping or loss of appetite. If you experience these issues you should talk to your doctor about altering the dosage or using other medications. Adults suffering from ADHD who don't respond to stimulants well can be treated with nonstimulant medications. These medications take longer to work but can improve the ability to pay attention and to manage impulses. These medications can be prescribed on their own or in conjunction with stimulants. Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera or Qelbree, is the first. It works by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine within the prefrontal cortex which controls the behavior. Guanfacine, also referred to as Intuniv, belongs to the group of drugs called alpha-agonists. These drugs work by blocking reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was initially developed to treat high blood pressure, has now been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations There are many drug combinations used by people who suffer from ADHD. These include stimulants combined with depressant drugs such as Guanfacine or Clonidine. These drugs can influence a calming effect on the brain, and reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behaviour. They can also reduce withdrawal symptoms of stimulants. However, this combination can be dangerous if it is not utilized correctly. Combining two stimulants at simultaneously increases the risk of developing serotonin-related syndrome, which is a drug emergency that occurs when the body has too excessive serotonin. This combination can also raise the blood pressure and heart rate. People suffering from heart disease or high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing adverse effects from this drug. Teenagers and young adults are increasingly consuming stimulant mixtures. These drugs, which are sold in pharmacies, are sometimes referred to by the term “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous particularly when they are combined with alcohol and other substances. This is referred to as polydrug use, and is extremely risky. Mixing drugs can result in unpredictably harmful consequences, such as an increased heart rate, slowed breathing, paranoia, hallucinations seizures, addiction and hallucinations. A study found that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD. Combining medications improved the adherence of patients and helped them get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However there were many patients who stopped their treatment because of side effects. In some cases the medication was removed due to sleep issues or worsening of tics. This could be because of a poor diagnosis, or a lack of access to medication. Nonstimulants are also used to treat ADHD. These drugs improve the ability to focus and control impulses, but they don't work as well as stimulants. They are also less likely to inhibit growth and alter appetite. Some antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a lower chance of improving concentration and focus. Several studies have shown that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to yield superior results than either on its own. Combining these two medications improved the adherence of patients and decreased side effects for most people. The combination also proved effective in young adults and adolescents. This combination may be a viable solution for children with severe ADHD.